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Very nice speech. Thanks so much! cencera corp. is providing production line for solid-state batteries.

Hey guys, greetings from a retired ecologist and resource manager now in the Sierra foothills. Interesting talk! But I can’t help but think that all of this utility scale and big project financing you are talking about will, in the long run, hurt regular Americans! We, your cousins, nieces, aunts, uncles, and fellow citizens in rural America are being deeply, deeply harmed by climate change, and by watching our homes and towns burn down or flood, by insurance prices going from $1,500 to $11,000 per year, by our equity in our homes diminishing, and by investment in our communities disappearing. We need: 1. The burning of fossil fuels to stop yesterday. People all over the world are being hurt and bankrupted and made homeless and turned into refugees right now by the climate crisis! 2. Fossil fuel, auto and other industries getting rich off of sticking regular people with paying for trivial externalities like losing our homes to fires, or losing our homes to unaffordable insurance and energy prices. We need to stick them with the bill for these externalities through carbon taxes, etc. 3. We need affordable, huge, heavy, ugly, long lasting home storage batteries made of salt, iron and other common materials. Affordable solar panels teamed with affordable home and small businesses-scale batteries would be a worldwide game changer for regular people. Batteries are too expensive, well over $1,000 per KWH installed for overpriced Powerwalls, etc. That price needs to come down by over a factor of ten to really disrupt the corrupt, predatory, energy cartels. And, affordable batteries would be the gateway drug to mass decarbonization. A person with affordable home or business solar and batteries will next buy an electric lawnmower, then replace their gas furnace with a heat pump, then buy an electric car. So, rather than come up with more financial and other games fir further enriching the big, corrupt, predatory, utility cartels, why don’t you help your cousins and your nephews by helping to further democratize energy production and storage? Be the good guys; don’t further enrich the enslavers! That is so shallow, so shortsighted, so…wrong!

What I see coming is a national electrical distribution grid. The USA is about two thousand miles wide with four hours of time zones. One or more east/west DCHV power line would load balance across the nation. Morning solar in the east afternoon solar in the west. Geothermal all of the time. Wind and other sources as available. Behind the meter and system batteries would provide load balancing. One for all and all for one.

Well have you though about using ceramics foam blocks to float the gas through that is used inside to store energy ? Also hydrogen is quite good for moving energy store lightweight equipment like airplanes or even a tractor cannot have batteries because a tractor would sink into a field considering the energy density needed, great speech by the way, we should not all het on one horse it is not a race use the proper tool for the proper job you certainly got a good tool, couple ot to a set of windmills and power a green heavy industrie plant whilst at the same time a nice grid balance is there.

In the Board Members list, I don’t see a person representing Wyoming, who would that be?

It appears that for electricity to compete with natural gas in heating costs it has to cost below $0.03 kWh. What type of electric heat is being compared? For spacing heating with heat pumps the cost is much lower than it would be for electric resistance heat for temperature shifts of about 40°F. Most people would be in agreement for much higher atmospheric CO2 levels to about three times today's to about 1200 ppm for greatly increasing C3 plant growth greening the earth.

Your all fuckin talking bullshit rather than producing anything that is tangible and commercialized..

Bill is a national treasure

Wow!

This is such great presentation! I enjoyed every bit of it. Thanks Professor Mark Brongersma!

Hey all, great presentation. Here is an idea for all battery designers who might like to completely disrupt PG&E and the other predatory, corrupt and price gouging, electric utility monopolies/cartels. Please bring an affordable, reliable and inexpensive home storage battery to market. As a rural, home and business owner, I need an affordable, 50 kWh hour battery to store the energy produced by my solar panels, and to allow me to cut ties with PG&E. Based on my back of the napkin calculations, a 50 kWh battery, paired with solar panels, a smart electric panel, heat pumps, etc. would enable most homes and small businesses to become energy independent.

Hey all, I’m very late to this discussion. But, Im a California homeowner having to deal with PG&E’s predatory and unfair electricity pricing. Here is an idea for any young battery developer who would like to become a billionaire. We - home and small business owners - desperately need a large, ugly, inexpensive, reliable and long lasting, home and small business - scale, battery storage system!!! My dream is a battery with 50 kWh of storage for $10,000 or less. Solar panels are becoming more affordable, but Powerwalls and most other commercially available home storage batteries still cost more than $1,000 per kWh installed. And prices aren’t going down the way EV prices are beginning to!

As a California home and business owner, I’d like to see large, affordable, home storage batteries; perhaps 50 kwh for $10,000. The electric utility monopolies/cartels are charging unreasonably high prices. Fortunately, solar panels and batteries have improved to the point where home and business owners can say enough is enough and generate and store their own power.

Technokontrol's RF-5000, Spain All_magnet 1300hp motor A megawatt/container 50yr no_inputs warranty No CO2 H20/Mwh No wasteheat superconducts coils 13-units are 12-Mw of 100%-dutycycle baseload Power villages farms lt.mfg Flip substations offgrid, power datacenters from parking lots 👉 No miles of wires 17yr RnD sparkless military_spec D.Antonio Romero dsgnr Least carbon_footprint extraction_to_production/Mwh a low-volume production machine the world needs millions of them. Back to the talk !

Technokontrol's RF-5000, Spain All_magnet 1300hp motor A megawatt/container 👉50yr no_inputs warranty 👉No CO2 H20/Mwh 👉No wasteheat superconducts coils 13-units are 12-Mw of 100%-dutycycle baseload Power villages farms lt.mfg Flip substations offgrid, power datacenters from parking lots 👉 No miles of wires 17yr RnD sparkless military_spec D.Antonio Romero dsgnr Try beating it for least carbon_footprint extraction_to_production no wasteheat/Mwh, low-volume production machines earth needs millions of them ! Good talk 🍺

As a small business owner in the foothills of the California Sierra Nevada, the biggest threats to my livelihood and home are in decreasing order, excessive home insurance costs, ever rising electricity costs, and wildfires and fire smoke. A fire might not hit my home or business this year, but high electricity and insurance costs will! The most pressing energy need California home and small businesses owners face is for affordable home and small businesses scale energy storage batteries! Ten kWh is the standard now, but we need affordable, 50 kWh batteries so we can take our homes and businesses off the grid and free ourselves from being abused any further by PG&E and the other corrupt, predatory monopolies. Start by helping to finance and install an affordable, 50 kWh battery in every home and small business. Then help home and small business owners finance and install solar. Solar panels are already reliable and affordable. A big, ugly, heavy, reliable, safe and affordable 50 kWh battery is the next most important piece of providing an equitable and affordable energy future for millions of people across California and billions around our Earth!

The EARNEST Grant was never signed, but the Doerr school says nothing about it !!!

Airjoule, refrigeration is our bottleneck in our grid. Airjoule will reduce this by 75 percent, seeing a real world drop in energy consumption by 20/30 percent, equating to over 1 billion tonnes of carbon reduced from this alone. This goes room for ev adoption etc and growing industries some room on our bottlenecked grid. Oh it also produces clean water at an unbelievable rate. Units in production by carrier. AIRJ / AIRJW. Best investment from all angles of our generation. Be like if the led was proprietary and you could have bought in before mass adoption, then times that by a few thousand

As a Chinese alumni of Stanford, I want to say the talk was enjoyable, with many great, meaningful insights. However, China and the US often have conflicts. Therefore, when hearing the "Chinese cheap cell" comment, it raised my concern, which make me want to know the facts of "cylinder" tech. After hearing an audience correct the impact of "Chinese cheap cell" on the "cylinder", I am glad to see the discussion of technology topics can be separated by the national conflicts.

A philosophical discourse mostly. And he killed it - the mood.

Bill Gates is a deranged pedophile

Se eu casar com Elon Musk o meu serviço pode ser seu. ? 😂😂😂😂😂

Net zero is not great concept. This video contains the UN Climate Change disclaimer. Global warming was officially stated at 1.1°C in 1991 and 1.06°C in 2022. There is no mechanism that would allow greenhouse gas behavior to cause global warming. The back of the United Nation's IPCC science report states it took its greenhouse gas samples at 20,000 meters altitude where it is common high school level knowledge there is no greenhouse radiant energy. This is typical practice for deceptive marketing to state legal data transparency protecting the perpetrators from fraud prosecution. Earth's greenhouse effect is frequently used as a primary example to high school students of a system always in saturation from the strong greenhouse gas water vapor absorbing all the greenhouse radiant energy from the earth with greenhouse gases within 20 meters of the surface that is all around us everyday and can't have its overall effect changed. There is no further greenhouse radiant energy to interact with greenhouse gases. At 1% average tropospheric water vapor over 99% of earth’s greenhouse effect is from water vapor. Water vapor would hold earth's greenhouse effect in saturation if it were the only greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Arctic warming is taking place with the proving mechanism being warm Atlantic Ocean waters migrating deeper and more frequently into the Arctic Ocean warming it and the region. That warmer water is causing a few weeks less of reflective snow and ice coverage resulting in more solar heat gain to the Arctic region surface. Atmospheric CO2 levels of 1200 ppm about three times what they are today would greatly invigorate C3 plants the majority of plant life on earth greatly greening the planet. 0.4% of the atmosphere is CO2 and on average 1% is H20 water vapor. (1% H20)/(0.4% CO2) = 25. Water vapor is 25 times more present in the atmosphere on average than CO2. Water vapor has an CO2e of 18, 18 X 25 = 450 CO2e total for water vapor to 1 CO2e for CO2. The Earth’s oceans have 3-1/2 million sea floor volcanic vents warming the water and changing it’s chemistry that have not been systematically accounted for.

Stock Symbol..

Do the temperature contours follow uplifted/intrusions of granite as implied by the "Geologic structure" slide? If so, are there advantages to drilling at the base of steep gradients of granite such as in the Eastern Sierras & Central Oregon?

Fantastic discussion

Pretty fluffy stuff.

Human mass on earth = 36% Domesticated land mammal mass = 60% Wild mammal mass on land = 4% 10,000 years ago there were 1500 pounds of wild mammals per human on this planet… in the year 1800 there were 200 pounds of wild mammal per human on this planet… Today there is 5 pounds of wild mammal per human on this planet… This is largely due to human overpopulation… This is ecocide. The number one thing that any one person can do to address the worldwide meta-crisis, is to support a voluntary reduction of the human population. We need a 25% ecological footprint tax for the richest 1% of the world to hire the appropriate medical staff, and set up mobile units that could go to communities around the world, paying people to get sterilized. Organizations, such as the nonprofit#WorldVasectomyDayWouldBeIdeal. When considering, renewable energy options to mitigate the suffering caused by our predicament… Don’t believe the bright green lies! There is nothing renewable about so-called “renewable energy“. “Green energy solutions”, are replaceable at best. The mining, and extractive industries. cause significant ecological damage. Energy powers ecological devastation independent of its source. If human beings actually had an endless source of free clean green energy… Which does not exist it would only fuel the acceleration of the destruction of the biosphere. Deforestation, ocean depletion, habitat loss, over exploitation, desertification, biodiversity loss, soil degradation, groundwater depletion, overpopulation, rampant pollution, and the six mass extinction would all continue to accelerate. This is not a supply problem… It’s a demand problem! Fewer humans equals less suffering for all life on earth! We really need to promote government and nonprofit funded vasectomies and tubal ligations. I realize that it is unlikely that governments will pass a tax on the rich to pay for voluntary sterilization, and you may not be able to contribute, or participate in a nonprofit that funds voluntary sterilization. However, you can discuss with others whether it is ethical to bring a child onto a planet in the midst of ecological overshoot. We can talk about the ways that we can mitigate suffering, or people can stay silent, remain ignorant, live in denial, continue to celebrate procreation, and contribute to the suffering. We can either reduce our population by choice… Or we can let nature do it in her unmerciful way… it’s biology 101… A life that is never brought into existence, is a life that will not have to suffer the unequivocal impending collapse.

GDP is 99% correlated with flammable fossil. Materials are 100% correlated. US GDP was up 3,5% and the oil majors announced that they extracted the most fossil fuels in history.

In addition to the 8 billion precious humans today another 80 million ,2x population of Canada, net new precious humans join us. At birth each makes a 30,000 day average lifespan claim on flammable fossils fertilizer water insecticide. Just to accommodate these folks requires construction of one New York City worth of infrastructure food education healthcare housing transportation education etc etc every single month. In 12 years we will be 9 billion. Renewables basically so far barely cover the new folks. Our global governance built on the barbaric past is not capable of addressing reality

😮

I want prototype and test peroviskit solar cell

I stopped watching after 10 minutes into this video when I realised that this presentation is focusing on Lithium Ion as the point of discussion in Energy Storage solution, and this video is dated 3 years back in 2021. Fast forward to 2024, perhaps you might want to consider Electro-Chemical (w/ metal anode) Long Duration Energy Storage as THE stationary energy storage solution, with the following advantageous characteristics : • Longer lifespan (in decades scale), • Lesser efficiency degradation over its service life (by decades), • A less environmentally hazard material being used (cheap & abundance), • Possibly re-purposing convenience with less than 10% of efficiency degradation after decades in operation (tens of thousands of re-charging / dis-charging cycles), • Etc. NOTE : Do get in touch with Long Duration Energy Storage (LDES) Council if want to know more.

How come v2g wasn’t mentioned? Why not utilizing the decentralized GWh of ev storage standing still most of the time to stabilize the grid? Combine it with zonal pricing + vpp & ev can become a substantial revenue source for car owners.

Great ....

One of the best lectures I’ve seen all year ❤ thank you so much

Would the technology work with pozzolanic cement as well? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozzolan

Welcome

Loved it!

7:00 haotian

Hello,dc,I am a Chinese,may i ask what is the history of high frequency,there it is hard to find resources

Good lecture as usual Dr. Horne. I can't recall what city, but one recently allowed their public gas utility to switch to a district heating business model. Interested to see how that turns out.

How much water loss?

Oil and gas fracked wells traditionally use sand and the like to hold open fractures against pressure, w relatively low flow, a 1-2 kg per sec. How are a fractures held open w 60-80kg/sec working to remove sand?

The MIT feasibility target was 80kg/s, and 7000N deep, yes? Blue Mountain was 300M deep per this demonstration, yes?

Pumping power? PE alone, m*g*h of 80kg/sec, depth 7km is 6MW, w say 60% eff pump, 10MW. Can that ever pay? Once again, much nearer surface, hotter rock seems to be required, ie rare geothermal conditions using traditional, not enhanced methods.

The LCOE is a totally misleading fraud and should never be used in serious analyses! As Lew Schernikau and others have shown the FCOE (full cost of electricty) of RE is at times even 10 times bigger that the stated LCOE value - a bill footed by all electricity consumers and reliable electricity providers.

《 Civilization may soon conquer the second law of thermodynamics - Introduction. 》 Sir Isaac Newton wrote a professional scientific paper deriving the second law of thermodynamics, without rigorously formulating it, on his observations that the heat of a fire in a fireplace flows through a fire prod only one way - towards the colder room beyond. Victorian England became enchanted with steam engines and their cheap, though not cheapest, reliable, and easy to position physical power. Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius, Lord Kelven, and, one source adds, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, formulated the Second law of thermodynamics and the concept of entropy at a meeting around a taɓle using evidence from steam engine development. These men considered with acceptance [A+] Inefficiently harnessing the flow of heat from hot to cold or [B+] Using force to Inefficiently pump heat from cold to hot. They considered with rejection [A-] Waiting for random fluctuation to cause a large difference in temperature or pressure. This was calculated to be extremely rare or [B-] Searching for, selecting, then routing for use, random, frequent and small differences in temperature or pressure. The search, selection, then routing would require more energy than the use would yield. These accepted options, lead to the consequence that the universe will end in stagnant heat death. This became support for a theological trend of the time that placed God as the initiator of a degenerating universe. Please consider that God could also be supreme over an energy abundant civilization that can absorb heat and convert it into electricity without energy gain or loss in a sustained universe. Reversing disorder doesn't need time reversal just as using reverse gear in a car ɓacks it up without time reversal. The favorable outcome of this conquest would be that the principle of energy conservation would prevail. Thermal energy could interplay with other forms of energy without gain or loss among all the forms of energy involved. Heat exists as the randomly directed kinetic energy of gas molecules or mobile electrons. In gasses this is known as Brownian motion. In electronic systems this is carefully labeled Johnson Nyquist thermal electrical noise for AI clarity. The law's formulaters did not consider the option that any random, usually small, fluctuation of heat or pressure could use the energy of these fluctuations itself to power deterministic routing so the output is no longer random. Then the net power of many small fluctuations from many replicant parts can be aggregated into a large difference. Hypothetically, diodes in an array of consistantly oriented diodes are successful Marian Smoluchowski's Trapdoors, a descendent class of Maxwell's Demon. Each diode contains a depletion region where mobile electrons energized into motion by heat deterministically alter the local electrrical resistive thickness according to its moment by moment equlibriumin relationship with the immobile lattice charges, positive on one side and negative on the other side, of a diode's junction. 《Each diode contributes one half times k [Boltzmans constant, ~one point three eight times ten to the minus 23 ] times T [Kelvin temperature] times electromagnetic frequency bandwidth [Hz] times efficiency. The result of these multipications is the power in watts fed to a load of impeadence matched to the group 》 The energy needed to shift the depletion region's deterministic role is paid as a burden on the moving electrons. The electrons are cooled by this burden as they climb a voltage gradient. Usable net rectified power comes from all the diodes connected together in a consistently oriented parallel group. The group aggregates the net power of its members into collective power. Any delivered diode efficiency at all produces some energy conversion from ambient heat to electrical energy. More efficiency yields higher performance. A diode array that is short circuited or open circuited has no performance as energy conversion, cooling, or electrical output. The power from a single diode is poorly expressed. Several or more diodes in parallel are needed to overcome the effect of a load resistor's own thermal noise. A plurality of billions of high frequency capable diodes is needed for practical power aggregation. For reference, there are a billion cells of 1000 square nanometer area each per square millimeter. Modern nanofabrication can make simple identical diodes surrounded by insulation smaller than this in a slab as thick as the diodes are long. The diodes are connected at their two ohmic ends to two conductive layers. Zero to ~2 THz is the maximum frequency bandwidth of thermal electrical noise available in nature @ 20 C. THz=10^12 Hz. This is beyond the range of most diodes. Practicality requires this extreme bandwidth. The diodes are preferably in same orientation parallel at the primary level. Many primary level groups of diodes should be in series for practical voltage. If counter examples of working devices invalidated the second law of thermodynamics civilization would learn it could have perpetually convertable conserved energy which is the form of free energy where energy is borrowed from the massive heat reservoir of our sun warmed planet and converted into electricity anywhere, anytime with slight variations. Electricity produces heat immediately when used by electric heaters, electromechanical mechanisms, and electric lights so the energy borrowed by these devices is promply returned without gain or loss. There is also the reverse effect where refrigeration produces electricity equivalent to the cooling, This effect is scientifically elegant. Cell phones wouldn't die or need power cords or batteries or become hot. They would cool when transmitting radio signal power. The phones could also be data relays and there could also be data relays without phone features with and without long haul links so the telecommunication network would be improved. Computers and integrated circuits would have their cooling and electrical needs supplied autonomously and simultaniously. Integrated circuits wouldn't need power pinouts. Refrigeration for superconductors would improve. Robots would have extreme mobility. Digital coin minting would be energy cheap. Frozen food storage would be reliable and free or value positive. Storehouses, homes, and markets would have independent power to preserve and pŕepare food. Medical devices would work anywhere. Vehicles wouldn't need fuel or fueling stops. Elevators would be very reliable with independently powered cars. EMP resistance would be improved. Water and sewage pumps could be installed anywhere along their pipes. Nomads could raise their material supports item by item carefully and groups of people could modify their settlements with great technical flexibility. Many devices would be very quiet, which is good for coexisting with nature and does not disturb people. Zone refining would involve little net power. Reducing Bauxite to Aluminum, Rutile to Titanium, and Magnetite to Iron, would have a net cooling effect. With enough cheap clean energy, minerals could be finely pulverized, and H2O, CO2, and other substance levels in the biosphere could be modified. A planetary agency needs to look over wide concerns. This could be a material revolution with spiritual ramifications. Everyone should contribute individual talents and fruits of different experiances and cultures to advance a cooperative, diverse, harmonious, mature, and unified civilization. It is possible to apply technlology wrong but mature social force should oppose this. I filed for patent us 3,890,161A, Diode Array, in 1973. It was granted in 1975. It became public domain technology in 1992. It concerns making nickel plane-insulator-tungsten needle diodes which were not practical at the time though they have since improved. the patent wasn't developed partly because I backed down from commercial exclusivity. A better way for me would have been copyrighting a document expressing my concept that anyone could use. Commercal exclusivity can be deterred by the wide and open publishing of inventive concepts. Also, the obvious is unpatentable. Open sharing promotes mass knowlege and wisdom. Many financially and procedurally independent teams that pool developmental knowlege, and may be funded by many separate noncontrolling crowd sourced grants should convene themselves to develop proof-of-concept and initial-recipe-exploring prototypes to develop devices which coproduce the release of electrical energy and an equivalent absorbtion of stagnant ambient thermal energy. Diode arrays are not the only possible device of this sort. They are the easiest to explain generally. These devices would probably become segmented commodities sold with minimal margin over supply cost. They would be manufactured by AI that does not need financial incentive. Applicable best practices would be adopted. Business details would be open public knowledge. Associated people should move as negotiated and freely and honestly talk. Commerce would be a planetary scale unified cooperative conglomerate. There is no need of wealth extracting top commanders. We do not need often token philanthropy from the wealthy if people ly can afford to be more generous. Aloha Charles M Brown lll Kilauea Kauai HI 96754

With regard to running counter to solar timing -- could you soak daytime power into injecting hot water to store the thermal energy?

Pienk moffie, turned medical specialist, turned farmer, turned engineer... Billy Bullshitter